01 - Remove any damaged outer leaves from the cabbage. Cut into quarters, remove the core, and thinly slice the leaves using a sharp knife or mandoline for uniform shreds.
02 - Place the sliced cabbage in a large mixing bowl and sprinkle evenly with the fine sea salt.
03 - Vigorously massage the salt into the cabbage for 5 to 10 minutes using clean hands or food-safe gloves, until the cabbage softens significantly and begins releasing its natural juices.
04 - If desired, add caraway seeds, grated carrot, or thinly sliced apple to the cabbage mixture and toss to combine evenly.
05 - Transfer the cabbage and all its accumulated juice into a sterilized fermentation crock or large glass jar with at least a half-gallon capacity. Press the cabbage down firmly using your fists or a fermentation tamper, ensuring it is completely submerged beneath its own liquid.
06 - Place a fermentation weight or a clean smaller jar filled with water on top of the cabbage to keep it fully submerged. Cover the vessel with a breathable cloth or a fermentation lid to allow gases to escape while keeping contaminants out.
07 - Store the vessel at room temperature (65 to 72°F) away from direct sunlight for 7 to 21 days. Begin tasting after 1 week, and continue fermenting until the desired level of tanginess is reached.
08 - Once the preferred tanginess is achieved, transfer to the refrigerator to halt fermentation. Serve chilled or at room temperature as a side dish or condiment alongside sausages, pork, or roasted potatoes.